The Poverty Rate Of Texas Children - 1277 Words

â€Å"The fact that our poverty rate is increasing is something that I think is very alarming to those of us who care very much about the health and welfare of children and see the investment in children as really the future of Texas,† said Beth Quill, executive director of Children’s Defense Fund Texas. This goes to show basically a full quarter of Texas children are poor based on these statistics. Poverty is very important because these children are the future of this world. Children who are born into poverty are more likely to live in poverty and less likely to have consistent employments as adults. To prevent this from happening there are 3 solutions that I have done extensive research on to make this happen. Therefore these solutions consist of raising the minimum wage, expanding Medicaid and reforming the way the criminal justice system works. Based on the statistics of Poverty on Texas, I concluded that the poverty rate of Texas children is 7.5% points higher tha n the poverty rate of the total Texas population. At the age of less than 18 years old, 25% of the children in Texas are dealing with poverty. The poverty rate for Texas is 17.5% which is a huge number when it comes to this situation. There are many different causes of poverty in Texas. These include droughts and flooding’s, natural disasters, social inequality and even having to do with the government by having to afford primary healthcare, food, education, housing and essential goods. Health is a hugeShow MoreRelatedCalifornia And Texas Welfare Programs906 Words   |  4 Pagesand Texas Welfare Programs Poverty and unemployment are two national issues. Every counties are trying to solve them because these problems can lead to some serious problems later such as criminal problems, health problems, or economic problems in countries. There are 50 states in the United State, and government of every states have welfare systems under control of the federal government for helping poor people and unemployed people pay for their living costs including medical cost, children careRead MoreChild Rearing Practices By Margaretha Schurz1656 Words   |  7 Pagescharity for the working women who could not stay home to raise their children, privately run Frobelian kindergartens became more commonplace (O’Conner, 1995). Today kindergarten, with the unified starting age of five, has become the common standard in the United States; but once again an educational gap has occurred in children prior to age five (Baker Institute, 2010). Furthermore, the educational gap among children of poverty, p rior to starting preschool is more alarming and has prompted governmentRead MoreWhy Not Everything Is Better998 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Not everything is better in Texas Throughout the years Texas has been proclaimed as a strong and developed state that could rank amongst the top countries of the modern world. Individuals from Texas praise the state as the best state in the nation in every matter the states might be comparable. This belief is just an illusion; Texas might indeed rank high on some important aspects of a state, but ranks low on most other significant matters. Texas has policies with low taxing, low spendingRead MoreWhy Texass Education And Health Care System Will Improve Our State1392 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent, right? Texas has been a conservative state for far too long and obviously it’s not a hundred percent the right answer. What can we do? We can start by pushing for a better educational and government system. Yes, this will raise our taxes, but, wouldn’t you pay more for better in quality of service. It is hard for people to succeed in a conservative state because the government is worried about politics and the states state budget. In this paper, we will look at why Texas needs to reformRead MoreThe United States : A City Of Great Wealth And The Great Poverty894 Words   |  4 PagesBackground Within the United States, in 2014 we had 1 out of 7 children born into poverty (C., 2016). That is an outstanding amount of children starting life out with a disadvantage. Statistics show that the U.S. has higher poverty rates than other developed countries (O., 2014). When a child is born into poverty, they are faced with many challenges that people are not very cognizant of. Children living in poverty usually have trouble accessing proper healthcare, education, and nutrition. These simpleRead MoreThe Teenage Epidemic Of Texas756 Words   |  4 PagesThe ongoing teenage epidemic afflicting Texas is comprised of two separate yet interconnected movements: a 20-year period of high rates of pregnancy involving teenagers, and a more recent surge in limiting reproductive health care access through state legislative actions over the past 5 years. Texas has the third highest number of unplanned pregnancies in the United States. Most of these unintended pregnancies are greatly concentrated among unmarried teenagers from low socioeconomic areas. In 2014Read MoreWhat Is The Total Population In The City Of Murphy, Texas?1628 Words   |  7 Pagesestimated total population in the â€Å"City of Murphy, Texas as of July1, 2016 was 20,482† (Bureau, U.C., 2017), compared to the â€Å"total population of Texas, which was 27,862,596 in the year 2016† (Bureau, U.C., 2017.) and the â€Å"United States population as of today, October 3, 2017 of 326,102, 454† (Bureau, U.C., 2017). There was data for The State of Texas on the United Census Bureau’s website, for July 1, 2016, but there was not a comparison for Murphy, Texas so the last comparison was April 1, 2010. As ofRead MoreInternet Research Assignment : High Teen Pregnancy Rate908 Words   |  4 PagesThe first article came from the Dallas Observer and is titled, â€Å"Here’s How to Fix Texas’ Sky-High Teen Pregnancy Rate† (http://www.dallasobserver.com/news/heres-how-to-fix-texas-sky-high-teen-pregnancy-rate-7626551). The author of the article, Eric Nicholson, is extremely critical of Texas’ sexual education program and voices his criticism with heavy use of sarcasm. This September 28, 2015 article was prompted by Texas’ recent decision to provide low-income teenagers with access to free birth controlRead MorePoverty Is A Social Problem957 Words   |  4 PagesStates is the wealthiest nation in the world, but yet poverty remains prevalent. Childhood poverty affects every aspect of their life. â€Å"Poverty is not having income for basic needs, food, medical care or basic needs and housing† (Crosson-Tower, 2014, p. 59). Poverty is affecting thousands of Americans every day, and it isn t sparing anyone of a particular race, age or gender, leaving people on welfare, and without homes, or transportation. Poverty is a crisis that deserves attention from everyone,Read MoreMigrant Youth : The United States847 Words   |  4 Pagescountries in search of the American Dream. This dream entails the belief that their lives can be improved because of the various amounts of opportunities in United States. Due to this, thousands of migrant youth move from Central and South America to Texas in search for a better life. By crossing the Rio Grande border, the migrant youth are escaping the corruption and violence in their native country. Although the migrant youth are in search of a better life in America, the United States has a policy

The Fear Of Death By Elisabeth Kubler Ross - 1231 Words

Death in Literature What humans don t understand, they fear or block out. People have a variety of different beliefs on what happens after you die. For example ones who follow the religion of christianity believe they will go to heaven, and the ones who follow hinduism and buddhism believe in reincarnation. No one has facts or evidence on what happens to you after death, so it is usually feared. In these three different works of literature, â€Å"On the Fear of Death†, â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, and â€Å"The Beast in the Cave† they all have one thing in common. What these three works of literature have in common is death. â€Å"What has changed is our way of coping and dealing with death and dying and our dying patients.†(Kubler-Ross 109) In â€Å"On the Fear of Death† by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, she discusses the changes that have happened over the past few decades. The author believes that these changes are responsible for the increased fear of death, the rising number of emotional problems, and the greater need for understanding of and coping with the problems of death and dying. The author says, â€Å"The fact that the children are allowed to stay at home where a fatality has stricken and are in included in the talk, discussion, and fears give them the feeling that hey are not alone in the grief and give them the comfort of shared responsibility and shared mourning.† (Kubler-Ross 110) She believes that allowing the children to stay and be involved in the grieving stage prepares them gradually andShow MoreRelatedElisabeth Kubler Ross On The Fear Of Death870 Words   |  4 Pages Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in On the Fear of Death claims that through the year’s death is becoming a taboo topic. No one likes to talk about it and no one wants to ever be around it. Kubler-Ross attributes this to a deep and ancient fear of death. She argues that children today, in particular, have been sheltered from death to the point that they cannot deal or even process death. Although I agree with her point that children cannot deal with death, I cannot not accept the overall conclusion that itRead MoreThe Fear Of Death Written By Elisabeth Kubler Ross Essay1924 Words   |  8 Pages Death is defined as the termination of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Phenomena which commonly bring about death include biological aging, predation, malnutrition, disease, suicide, homicide, starvation, dehydration, accidents and the list goes on. People look as death as being a good and bad thing it could be looked at from different perspectives. No matter what one views about death they can’t stop it from happening because it happens too every living thing, it is justRead MoreOn The Fear Of Death By Elizabeth Kubler Ross1346 Words   |  6 PagesThere is huge difference between Death and Dying. Death is the end of life, while dying is the process in which you death, also including the choices and actions involved in that process. In â€Å"On the Fear of Death,† by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross she describes the different aspects of dying, the final days of individuals who are terminally ill, the grieving process, and how children are treated during the time of death. The dissimilitude in â€Å"old-fashioned† death and â€Å"modern† final days are presented. SometimesRead MoreBehind The Formaldehyde Curtain And The Fear Of Dying By Elisabeth Kubler Ross869 Words   |  4 PagesNo one can escape death. It’s one of so few unavoidable certainties in our lives and has held an important position in every human culture since time immemorial. Of course, this position has is different from culture to culture, and shifts over time. This is particularly evident in western culture. The shift is discussed at length in two essays: â€Å"Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain† by Jessica Mitford, and ‘The Fear of Dying’ by Elisabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross. Both explore different aspects of these themes –Read MoreAnalysis Of The Article On The Fear Of Dying By Elisabeth Kubler Ross1323 Words   |  6 PagesLiving In Fear Of The End Modern medicine has been fighting death and whether that is good or bad remains unknown. In the essay â€Å"On The Fear Of Dying,† Elisabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross dissects modern medicines effects on living and examines the mental and emotional toll it has taken on people. In the essay she talks about how regardless of modern medicine’s benefits, has allowed us to become more wary of acknowledging death and accepting it. The author explains that despite the advantages of these new advancementsRead MoreBrain Death And Its Effects On Society840 Words   |  4 Pageson the grounds that the masses fear what they do not understand. It is inconceivable for someone to die and return to give a clear account of what transpires when there is a permanent ending of the vital process. Santrock writes, â€Å"Twenty-five years ago, determining whether someone was dead was simpler than it is today. The end of certain biological function – such as breathing and blood pressure, and the rigidity of the body (rigor mortis) – were clear signs of death.† (Santrock, p. 413) As timeRead MoreOn The Fear Of Death By Elizabeth Kubler Ross2070 Words   |  9 PagesOn the Fear of Death There is a huge difference between Death and Dying. Death is the end of life while dying is the process in which your death, also including the choices and actions involved in that process. In â€Å"On the Fear of Death,† by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross, she describes the different aspects of dying, the final days of individuals who are terminally ill, the grieving process, and how children are treated during the time of death. Kà ¼bler-Ross describes death and why society is apt to be afraidRead MoreOn the Fear of Death860 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fear Of Death The title On The Fear Of Death, caught my eye as I was skimming the text for a story. After some thought, I concluded that the word death means more to me than most of my peers. I grew up as the daughter of a hard working man, one with an uncommon occupation. My father is a mortician. On The Fear Of Death intrigued me because many adopt such a negative view of death. Kubler-Ross takes the concept of death and embraces it, perhaps allowing her to ease her own fear of mortalityRead MoreThe Psychological Problem Of Death And Dying1273 Words   |  6 Pagesdoctors, thinkers, writers, artists, all of humanity as a whole and each individual thinks and reflects on the problem of death, trying to resolve the issues associated with its mysteries. Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, and Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Kà ¼bler-Ross, Freud, Jung, Adler, devoted the works to studying of a problem of the death. The problem of the man’s relation to death continues being the source of fair in modern soc iety too, and people prefer not to speak about it. Therefore, in our worldRead MoreGrief And Grief By Mark Twain1410 Words   |  6 Pages Mark twain once said, â€Å"The fear of death follows from the fear of the fear of life. A man who lives fully is prepared to die.† ( K.Costolnic, K.Baldwin, J.Dutton, quotes on death,par.3, 2011) But, are we really prepared? Death is inevitable and with it comes the grief, which for some may be a great burden, Merriam-Webster defines grief as â€Å"deep and poignant distress caused by or as if by bereavement† (2012, par.1). Grief is a process that, while an incredibly unique process, is an inevitable stage

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Zara

Question: Discuss about theLogistics and Supply Chain Managementfor Zara. Answer: History of Zara As all we know that Zara is a most famous international brand of fashion. This fashion brand is owned by the Spanish fashion group and this company started its operation in the year of 1963. Amancio Ortea Gaona, founder of Zara, opened its first outlet in the year of 1975 at La Corua. Talking about the background, then there was a factory named as Inditex established by Amancio Ortega in 1963 and this factory turns into an outlet after 10 years and it was known as Zorba in Spain and the cost of this outlet was Euro 30 at that time. After a few years, Amancio Ortega changed his outlet name Zorba to Zara. However, by the year of 1990, Zara expanded its fashion business in the US, Europe, New York, France etc. Recently, Zara also starts operating from India in 2010.ZARA successfully opened its outlets around the world and ZARA has three product lines Mens wear, children wear and Womens wear. ZARA is successful because it easily located the market trends and performs quickly according th ese changes. ZARA is now considered as global brand as it has 1820 stores all over the world and as per the records the annual sales of ZARA is around 3.8 billion EURO (Wang, et al., 2013). When comes into picture the famous Founder Ortega, his strategies always reflect high performance and best quality. Throughout his whole career as Founder, he made the people working under him reach the highest standards of quality work and always supported the employees to give their best and keep working and keep improving their performance at every level. Critical Analysis of Zara The Secret behind the success of Zara involves the Information delivery system that focused on the customers. The latest trend that is introduced in the market and the process of designing is affected by consumers at ZARA. This system is associated with the interactive communication between store managers and the creative team at headquarters in Spain. Firstly the information regarding the customer tastes, needs and about their demands is gathered by the store managers and then, this information is shared by the store managers to the design team into headquarters and this system helps in fulfilling the clients needs as well as give ideas to create new designs and styles as per the client requirement (Schlossberg, 2015). Moreover, the analysis of industry environment is must. Industry Environment: The Fast Fashion Apparel Industry ZARA is commented as the Fast fashion brand of the Fashion industry innovation. ZARA adapt the current and upcoming trends as per the needs of customers and deliver designs in just a few weeks as compared to the other fashion brands. Threat of New Entrants: For ZARA there is no threat of new entrants. The reasons for this low threat are that the costs for Marketing, production, and distribution are already divided over units of production that lowers the cost of production. For new entrants it is not an easy task as it is very difficult for them to compete and achieve its aim as in the starting point, the huge amount of funds or investments are needed to enter into the industry (Kim, et al., 2015). Bargaining Power of Suppliers: There are lots of people in the fashion industries who supply the raw material in the fashion industry and the raw materials are adequate and can be offered to the many rising countries. Due to this reason the bargaining power of suppliers is low. Bargaining Power of Buyers: The bargaining power of buyers of ZARA is reasonable as ZARA customers switching costs are low and the products offered by ZARA are at affordable prices. In the fashion Industry, the customer is the only one that is very flexible in choosing the style across a number of brands. The High Brand Loyalty of ZARA also the low possibility of customer integration is the reasons of lowering the bargaining power of buyers (Mo, 2015). Threat of Substitute Products: In this competitive industry, there is always a high threat of substitute products. There are many substitutes or can say competitors of ZARA that are a threat to this fashion industry like MANGO, HM, and FOREVER21. This high availability of substitute or competitors leads to the huge threat for the fashion retailers. There are many chances of Customer switching because of the price comparison for the same product of a different brand. Rivalry among Competitors: In this fashion industry, there are a large number of competitors and Rivalry among competitors is intense. There are a large number of fashion retailers who adopted fast fashion model like HM, TOPSHP, MANGO, etc. All the listed companies are unable to take a decision of exit the industry at will. Fundamental Reasons of Success of ZARA Business Level Strategy Cost Leadership- This is the strategy that is adopted by ZARA in order to achieve low costs but maintain high fashion. Zara gets some idea from the latest couture designs and inform to the design team then makes similar design with a less expensive fabric. Moreover, ZARA always tries to produce less quantity of dresses to sell because it is an easiest way of cutting the cost or loss when that particular design is not popular, and it can also cut the stock cost as well (Fan Lopez, 2009). Corporate Level Strategy In this strategy the Company can choose to do a multiple business. The sales revenue of ZARA comes from the business of clothing and its nearly about the 95% of the sales revenue. No doubt, ZARA is also doing the business of home furnishing items under the brand name ZARA Home, the contribution of this is nearly 2.3% of the total revenue. International Strategies Transnational Strategy- The aim of Zara is to attain both global efficiency as well as the local responsiveness. By adopting the vertical integration, Zara has more litheness than its competitors in terms of moving products from the designing to stores. Also, ZARA responds to the local customer preference changes by taking a proper feedback from the client itself and then intimate this information to the design team at headquarters to introduce the new varieties on national and international level (Dutta, 2007). SWOT Analysis of Zara SWOT analysis is very important for every organization that before making any plan or strategies. Because one should know that what are the consequences and positive outcomes of the implementation of strategies (Lewis, et al., 2003). Strengths Use of efficient IT funds to help reduce costs Interactive communication between customer and design team Inspired, quick, and responsive design team Up-to-date designs at good-looking prices Weaknesses Resist outsourcing, which leads high labor costs Negligible advertising Limited production of clothing Opportunities Fast-growing demand from Asian fashion markets Outsourcing when essential to further cut losses Launch more advertising campaigns Threats Competition from HM and the Gap MANGO (Bennett, et al., 2009). Increase in labor costs Changes in consumer tastes and preferences Saturation of retailers (Mo, 2015). Competitive Advantage of ZARA- Concept of Sustainability An organization is an established mechanism and has an organizational structure for achieving its objectives and competitive advantages on other brands. Effective organizations have strategies to mark and maintain a viable and feasible market for their products and services. The Founder, Amaciano Ortega has adopted the following growth strategies (Fan Lopez, 2009). Integration strategy is must for achieving its goals and objectives which generally include profit maximization, Goodwill and brand image, etc to sustain in the market. There are various types and forms of Integration that help the ZARA to maintain its image and sustainability in the market. For ZARA, the dynamic process of adapting to market changes and uncertainty of the market environment, organizational reorganization and integration is an important tool in effectively maintaining and efficient alignment with the ever changing environment. These include vertical, horizontal backward and forward integration. These have been discussed in detail as under: Vertical Integration: This is a strategy which is used by ZARA to utilize in order to gain effectual control over the players which are vertically placed under them in the value chain of production and distribution. This is a significant and a conscious corporate decision. This strategy includes design, just in time production, sales and marketing of the fashionable clothes and accessories. Through this integration, the corporate firms decide whether to venture into the vertically placed activity or just to focus only on production. In order to reduce transaction costs and have a secured supplier and distribution channel, the firms gain control over their distributors through various measures to increase its power in the market. Horizontal Integration: This integration strategy of ZARA involves acquiring of similar businesses and activities which are essentially placed at the same level of the value chain thus it is called horizontal integration. It includes corporate strategies of acquisition, mergers and joint ventures. This is mainly done to consolidate with competitors in the market and to drive them out in order to gain market power and control. Backward integration: Backward integration is also a strategy which entails the buying of an entity which lies above the main firm in the vertical value chain. This is done to purchase suppliers and results in better efficiencies and improved costs. Forward Integration: This is also one of the types of vertical integration and includes the acquisition of a previous firm in the market thus acquiring its consumer base. It means when the activities are increased to include several others in order to gain control in the straight and undeviating control over distribution of one's products (Crofton Dopico, 2011). The above four points are considered by the Founder Ortega to filter the processing of the company. These are followed at every step to make the organization work better. Differentiation and Similarities between ZARA DELL Zara and the other brands are very different in nature. The Dell Company follows horizontal supply chain integration, whereas Zara follows a vertical chain of integration. The production line of both the companies is very different as the products offered by the companies are not the same. Dell has come up with distinctive approach to the production of computers or electric items is dependent on third parties like on suppliers for the final product and delivery of these products, whereas the Zara is not dependent on any third party for its clothes production. The success of the company is totally because of the control on every aspect of designing, production, and distribution. This control in all business activities also helps Zara to manufacture and deliver new designs in a short period of time and this is the only reason that Zara is more successful than the other companies. The horizontal supply chain management has an advantage that it is very easy to control as you have only mi nimum responsibilities on the part of the company. On the other hand, coordinating a number of small activities has the benefit of being able to control the whole picture of the company (Bhardwaj, et al., 2011). Zara also has a control on the suppliers too, as it adopted the vertical supply chain. Also the brands, Gap Inc and HM have also developed new channels of sale. The GAP and HM developed a system of offering products, whereas Zara which does not offer its products online. A fashion brand HMs also follows the expansion strategy that involves the development of business systems in each country entered whereas the Zara has already wider range of international presence in contrast to both Gap and HM, this is the reason that ZARA become a global company in a very less period. Differentiation and Similarities between ZARA and MYERS Basically, Myers is the departmental store that is offering the basic needful product to the people. Thus, the products offered by the both the brands ZARA and MYER are different. Zara has always focused on the demographic and psychographic conditions before starting any outlet, whereas the Myers do not focus on the demographic and psychographic factors because the products offered by the departmental store do not need to analyze the location, taste of the customers because it already focus on the products which are a necessity for any individual. The market of Myers is uncertain as the target market of Myers is also comprised with different categories of customers. On the other hand, the market of Zara involves a lot of creativity and innovative approaches and changing trends so it attracts the people aged between 20 to 35 years. The products offered by the Myers are large in numbers and it is very difficult to attract the customers as the customer services of Myers are not very app roachable. (Orcao Prez, 2014). Conclusion and Recommendations Effective and fruitful leadership roles have proved to be not only an origin ZARA effective competitive advantage, but it is also a very significant hampering aspect to entry. For example, as we all know that ZARA is among that only Fashion Brand with all the essential abilities to establish a good Brand image. It has also built in important switching costs through heavy and advanced technology. In the healthcare sector, through its RD abilities, it has made a strong and the qualitative leadership position in advanced health sciences. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses and threats and opportunities, it is imperative to work on them and make the company more progressive. Certain objectives should be set beforehand to develop the product strategy and hit it in the market and while setting out the objectives, following should be kept in mind. Some of the objectives are as follows: - The objective to compete against your competition will require more efficiency and efficacy from your team members. The objective to achieve a specific date for launching the product and services will be influenced by demand for such products during the time when it is launched. The objective to respond to your customers' demands and expectations requires time for setting out research to make sure that the product is developed at the right time, for the right person and in the right conditions. References Bennett, H., Bennett, S. Joines, H., 2009. HM vs. Zara: Comparing Marketing Strategies, Available at: https://dianajoines.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/final-term-paper-hm-vs-zara-marketing-strategies.pdf Bhardwaj, V., Runyan, R. Eickman, M., 2011. A case study on the internationalization process of a born-global fashion retailer. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 08 July, 21(3), pp. 293-307. Crofton, S. Dopico, L., 2011. ZARA-Inditex and the growth of fast fashion, Available at: https://www.ebhsoc.org/journal/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/216/218 Dutta, D., 2007. Retail @ speed of fashion: Third Eyesight, Available at: https://thirdeyesight.in/articles/ImagesFashion_Zara_Part_I.pdf Fan, Y. Lopez, C., 2009. Internationalisation of the Spanish fashion brand Zara. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 13(2), pp. 279 - 296, Available at: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/13612020910957770 Kim, M., Truong, N. Ha, J., 2015. ZARA in Korea: The Myth of Success . Journal of Marketing Thought, February, 1(4), pp. 64-71. Lewis, K., Lewis, M. Machuca, J., 2003. Zara: The Inditex Story. An International Journal, Volume 2, pp. 1-6. Mo, Z., 2015. Internationalization Process of Fast Fashion Retailers: Evidence of HM and Zara. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(3). Mo, Z., 2015. Internationalization Process of Fast Fashion Retailers: Evidence of HM and Zara. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(3), pp. 1-20. Schlossberg, M., 2015. This Spanish retailer with the 'best business model' in apparel is scaring Gap, Abecrombie Fitch, and J. Crew, Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/This-Spanish-retailer-with-the-best-business-model-in-apparel-is-scaring-Gap-Abecrombie-Fitch-and-J-Crew/articleshow/50251799.cms Wang, X., Tan, T., Kao, H. Tao, Y., 2013. Zara Synopsis: history, Available at: https://www.sfu.ca/~sheppard/478/syn/1123/Synopsis6.pdf

Accounting & Financial Management

Questions: 1.What is the monthly payment? 2.How much of the first payment is interest? 3.How much of the first payment is principal? 4. How much will Casino.com Corporation owe on this loan after making monthly payments for three years (the amount owed immediately after the thirty-sixth payment)? 5.Should this loan be refinanced after three years with a new seven-year 7 per cent loan, if the cost to refinance is $250,000? To make this decision, calculate the new loan payments and then the present value of the difference in the loan payments? 6.Demonstrated knowledge of the nature of a bank, financial risks and asymmetric information? Answers: 1. The monthly payment for the present loan will be as follows: Calculation of Monthly Payments:- Particulars Amount Loan Amount $20,000,000 Period (in years) 10 Interest Rate p.a. 8% Nos. of Payments p.a. 12 No. of total Monthly Payments 120 Effective Interest Rate 0.67% Amount of Monthly Payments $242,655.19 2. The interest of the first payment is computed below: Calculation of Interest Amount on First Payment:- Particulars Amount Loan Amount $20,000,000 Interest Rate p.a. 8% Nos. of Payments p.a. 12 Effective Interest Rate 0.67% Interest on First Payment $133,333 3. The principal of the first payment will be as per the following table: Calculation of Principal Amount on First Payment:- Particulars Amount Amount of Monthly Payments $242,655 Interest on First Payment $133,333 Principal on First Payment $109,322 4. The balance loan amount after paying the monthly installments for first 3 years will be $15,568,578, as per the following table: Period Opening Balance Interest Rate Interest Amount Monthly Payment Principal Amount Due Balance 1 $20,000,000 0.67% $133,333 $242,655 $109,322 $19,890,678 2 $19,890,678 0.67% $132,605 $242,655 $110,051 $19,780,627 3 $19,780,627 0.67% $131,871 $242,655 $110,784 $19,669,843 4 $19,669,843 0.67% $131,132 $242,655 $111,523 $19,558,320 5 $19,558,320 0.67% $130,389 $242,655 $112,266 $19,446,054 6 $19,446,054 0.67% $129,640 $242,655 $113,015 $19,333,039 7 $19,333,039 0.67% $128,887 $242,655 $113,768 $19,219,271 8 $19,219,271 0.67% $128,128 $242,655 $114,527 $19,104,744 9 $19,104,744 0.67% $127,365 $242,655 $115,290 $18,989,454 10 $18,989,454 0.67% $126,596 $242,655 $116,059 $18,873,395 11 $18,873,395 0.67% $125,823 $242,655 $116,833 $18,756,562 12 $18,756,562 0.67% $125,044 $242,655 $117,611 $18,638,951 13 $18,638,951 0.67% $124,260 $242,655 $118,396 $18,520,555 14 $18,520,555 0.67% $123,470 $242,655 $119,185 $18,401,371 15 $18,401,371 0.67% $122,676 $242,655 $119,979 $18,281,391 16 $18,281,391 0.67% $121,876 $242,655 $120,779 $18,160,612 17 $18,160,612 0.67% $121,071 $242,655 $121,584 $18,039,028 18 $18,039,028 0.67% $120,260 $242,655 $122,395 $17,916,633 19 $17,916,633 0.67% $119,444 $242,655 $123,211 $17,793,422 20 $17,793,422 0.67% $118,623 $242,655 $124,032 $17,669,389 21 $17,669,389 0.67% $117,796 $242,655 $124,859 $17,544,530 22 $17,544,530 0.67% $116,964 $242,655 $125,692 $17,418,838 23 $17,418,838 0.67% $116,126 $242,655 $126,530 $17,292,309 24 $17,292,309 0.67% $115,282 $242,655 $127,373 $17,164,936 25 $17,164,936 0.67% $114,433 $242,655 $128,222 $17,036,713 26 $17,036,713 0.67% $113,578 $242,655 $129,077 $16,907,636 27 $16,907,636 0.67% $112,718 $242,655 $129,938 $16,777,699 28 $16,777,699 0.67% $111,851 $242,655 $130,804 $16,646,895 29 $16,646,895 0.67% $110,979 $242,655 $131,676 $16,515,219 30 $16,515,219 0.67% $110,101 $242,655 $132,554 $16,382,665 31 $16,382,665 0.67% $109,218 $242,655 $133,437 $16,249,228 32 $16,249,228 0.67% $108,328 $242,655 $134,327 $16,114,901 33 $16,114,901 0.67% $107,433 $242,655 $135,223 $15,979,678 34 $15,979,678 0.67% $106,531 $242,655 $136,124 $15,843,554 35 $15,843,554 0.67% $105,624 $242,655 $137,031 $15,706,523 36 $15,706,523 0.67% $104,710 $242,655 $137,945 $15,568,578 5. If the company would refinance the loan with a new loan for seven years with 7% interest along with $250,000, as cost of finance, then the amount of new loan payments will be as follows: Calculation for Payment for New Loan:- Particulars Amount Amount of New Loan $15,568,578 Period (in years) 7 Interest Rate p.a. 7% Nos. of Payments p.a. 12 No. of total Monthly Payments 84 Effective Interest Rate 0.58% Payment for New Loan $25,376,689 The difference between the present values of two loan amounts is calculated below: Difference between two loan amounts:- Particulars Amount Amount of New Loan Payment $25,376,689 Interest Rate 7% Period (in years) 10 Present Value of New Loan Payment $12,900,222 Cost of Finance $250,000 Interest Rate 7% Period (in years) 3 Present Value of Refinancing Cost $204,074 Present Value of Total New Loan $13,104,296 Balance of the Old Loan $15,568,578 Interest Rate 8% Period (in years) 7 Future Value of Balance Loan after Ten Years $26,681,806 Total Period (in years) 10 Present Value of the Balance Loan $12,358,839 Difference between Old and New Loan $745,457 As per the above, the present value of new loan would be higher than the present value of old loan. It indicates that the company has to spent higher interest for the old loan in comparison to the new loan, though the new loan would cause to additional cost of finance. Therefore, it can be stated that the company should refinance the loan after three years to reduce the interest expenses. 6. Banks are regarded as the unique financial institutions due to the particular mix of features. This makes them vulnerable to run with negative externalities for the economy and has potentially systematic consequences. Financial regulations coms at the cost of regulatory failure. Large banks diversify by shifting form the traditional deposit taking and lending it to the market based activities and wholesale funding that is more cost effective (Beatty and Liao 2014). Banks operate in the condition of fractional liquidity reserve and the majority of the assets are more illiquid loans. Banks would face serious problems if all the depositors demanded their money at the same time. Banks have added a wide range of market based operations and large banks are engaged in the market-based activities. Capital held by large banks is less as compared to small banks as they have less stability funding than the small banks (Imf.org 2017). They are more organizationally complex as they have number of subsidiaries. The systematic risk of the large banks refers to the externalities of the banking distress onto the real economy or the financial system. Since they are more engaged in the market based activities as measured by the share of the loan in the total assets or the share of non-interest income in the total income. Large banks operates in such way because of the economies of the scale is benign. Size of banks is regarded as economically beneficial and the size of banks may be large as compared to what is regarded as socially optimal. Bank size is related with the private interest of the shareholders and the managers (Internationalcompetitionnetwork.org 2017).The tradeoff between the bank size and the economies of scale concerning negative externalities would contribute to the systematic risk of the banks. The regulations of banking emerge from the microeconomic concern of the bank over the ability of the creditors of the bank to monitor the risks originating from the lending side over the stability of the banking system. The banking regulation theory has undergone significant changes due to the compounding effects occurring in the financial sector. Regulations has also been evolving due to the ongoing banking crisis. Asymmetric information theory has profound effect on regulation view (Lse.ac.uk 2017). It has been argued by the majority of authors that there is an important asymmetry between the information available to the outside investors, depositors and banks. In extreme case of the information asymmetry, it is not possible for the depositor to distinguish between the insolvent and solvent banks. It might be possible that the banks operates at the size that is quite large from a perspective of social welfare. The optimal size of banks is uncertain due to the potential for economies of scale in large banks. Larger banks creates risk that is more systematic and are more risky than small banks. The individual bank risk is not influenced by the involvement of large banks in market-based activities. However, this give rise to the systematic risk. Regulation deals with the organizational complexity of the banks, which facilities the orderly resolution of the complex banks and reducing the complexity with the help of ex ante incentives. Taxing on the size of the large banks would seek to correct the large negative externality of the banks as the systematic risk for the large banks are too big. Some significant social costs are generated by the size of the banks and the negative externality forces the organization to take up such risks. Banks will be able to internalize the social costs with the help of tax imposed on the size of the banks. Larger the size of the banks, it is less likely for the government to allow it to fail and it is shielded from the potential loss. The size of the banking industry is not regarded as the biggest issue. It is viewed in light of the investment by the investor in the large banks. Since the government effectively guarantees the debts too big to fail and amount of deposits, the investment with large banks as the safer investment than made with the small banks. If the externalities are created by size and such externality can be limited by imposing tax. It can be done through the capital requirements that are considered progressive in relation to the size of the business. As long as the banks are allowed to remain big by the regulators, the political leverage of the banks will also continue to be big. The economic tab and the taxpayer created by them will also be regarded as big (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). If the regulators break up the large banks, then this will put the financial institutions at the competitive disadvantage position. Safety of the global financial sector will not be improved with this strategy. The managers can boost the size of the banks by increasing the leverage of the banks and attracting the additional funding. The study conducted details the scope and optimal size of the large banks. It has been observed that large banks create more systematic risk on average than smaller banks. Risks of such banks are high when they have unstable funding; insufficient capital and they are organizationally complex and engage in more market-based activities (Saunders and Cornett 2014). It is suggested by the literature that the size of banks are driven by the empire building incentives and too big to fail subsidies. In addition to this, the size of the banks are large from the perspective of the social welfare. However, the optimal size of banks are highly uncertain and the regulations restricting the size of the banks may be imprecise and difficult to implement. The regulations of large banks should be optimal and it should combine the macro and micro prudential perspectives. This may involve the measures to reduce the involvement of the large banks in the organizational complexity and market base activities (Petty et al. 2015). Moreover, capital surcharges on large banks are also included. Reference: Beatty, A. and Liao, S., 2014. Financial accounting in the banking industry: A review of the empirical literature.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.339-383. Imf.org. (2017). Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2014/sdn1404.pdf [Accessed 20 Jan. 2017]. Internationalcompetitionnetwork.org. (2017). Available at: https://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/uploads/library/doc382.pdf [Accessed 20 Jan. 2017]. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Lse.ac.uk. (2017). Available at: https://www.lse.ac.uk/fmg/workingPapers/specialPapers/PDF/SP222.pdf [Accessed 20 Jan. 2017]. McLaney, E.J. and Atrill, P., 2014.Accounting and Finance: An Introduction. Pearson. Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin, J.D. and Burrow, M., 2015.Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU. Saunders, A. and Cornett, M.M., 2014.Financial institutions management. McGraw-Hill Education,.

Exploration Proposal free essay sample

I hope to focus on digital photography using a digital SLR camera. I also hope to use an analog film camera, so that I can further my understanding of how to use a film camera and further enhance my skills in the darkroom. The inspiration for my photographs comes mainly from the internet, I like browsing around viewing many creative and truly unique images, related and unrelated to my focus as they inspire me to capture or create something just simply amazing. I have been inspired by many remarkable images of city and urban photography, a majority of which from this this page http://www. esignyourway. net/blog/inspiration/52-great-examples-of-urban-photography/. An example of one of the images that has greatly inspired me, with urban photography, would have to be this image by Wojciech Dziadosz. The colour has been removed from most of the image to create a sense of loneliness within the crowd, but leaving colour to certain objects to create an even more exquisite image. We will write a custom essay sample on Exploration Proposal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The colour has been removed from most of the image to create a sense of loneliness within the crowd, but leaving colour to certain objects to create an even more exquisite image. One particular photographer that has inspired me is Martin Starvars (http://www. martinstavars. com/) a landscape photographer; his main focus is on monochromatic cityscapes. His collection of artwork taken from cities around the world is truly stunning and breathtaking, and greatly inspires me. These two photos from his own portfolio are just two wonderful examples of his work and skill, one from his collection of nightscapes taken in Shanghai (image at left) and the other taken in London during daylight (image at right). The two design elements I will be focusing on this year will be colour and shape, and the principles I will focus on will be contrast and emphasis. I will use these elements and principles to accentuate the aesthetic qualities of a subject, say for example a building; for colour I may do this by changing the hue of the image for example or modify the saturation of image with use of Photoshop, for shape I will use my two design principles, contrast and emphasis, by defining the shape of the building with front or back lighting this will also leads to contrast. Contrast can be led back to colour; complementary colours for example, are great in the use of creating contrast and emphasis in the image, especially when one colour dominates the other. But, with my black white images I will obviously not be focusing on colour. I will focus however even more so with contrast, using it greatly to emphasise the shape of a structure. My work will focus on black white photography, as I feel as though it is more thought-provoking and capable of expressing more emotion. But, I also hope feature in my portfolio a great range of colour and selective colouring photography to showcase at the end of the year. A majority of my photographs will be taken with the use of natural lighting, as my focus environment is typically outdoors. I will have a huge focus on depth of field as a majority of my images will be landscapes. After I take my images, I will use Photoshop CS6 to alter and/or enhance certain aspects of the photographs until I am pleased that I have adequately met my intended aim for each of those images, for example I may enhance an images’ contrast by changing its lighting levels or another example for selective colouring I will remove the colour from certain parts of an image and leave them black and white. Photoshop will become a highly valued utensil this year, as I will use it create more intriguing images and as well as a tool to enhance the clarity of my images. I hope to explore areas in the Melbourne so that I may capture images of natural city landscapes, as well as urban suburban art and life in Melbourne. I also hope to explore the city and suburbs in Melbourne’s south-eastern areas and as well as explore beaches around some of Melbourne’s coastal suburbs. I am confident Melbourne has enough potential on its own create stunning and worthwhile images. With my presentation I will have a series of large scaled Cityscapes, and another based on a collage. My other images of Melbourne, not including the cityscapes, I will present in a collage filled with images of Melbourne which will include the lifestyle and culture within Melbourne. This year what I basically plan to do is photograph a diverse range of images of Melbourne from different locations, expressing and showcasing Melbourne as a place with immense emotions and personality.

All Is Not Well In the Land of The Lion King essays

All Is Not Well In the Land of The Lion King essays All is Well in Land of The Lion King In the article, Alls Not Well in Land of The Lion King, by Margaret Lazarus, the author over exaggerates an animated classic, investigating as to whether or not the movie is politically correct and morally right. The essay examines and stereotypes the movie, and comes to various misguided conclusions. Lazarus defines the hyenas and the lion, Scar symbolic, and declares that Disney already has gays and blacks ruining the natural order. She also draws to the conclusion that Disney manipulates small childrens minds; encouraging them to believe that Only those born into privilege can bring about change (pg. 440) Lazarus is constantly searching for the underlying meaning throughout the movie, and fails to enjoy it. After a complete analysis of the movie she fails to understand the central idea of the movie. She then proceeds to mock the concept of a young heir to the crown to fighting and standing up for what is rightfully and morally his. She maintains that the movie The Lion King is a metaphor for our society, suggesting that the nation only supports the concept that only the strong do survive in the world. So often a carefree animated tale is scrutinized and psychoanalyzed, and the pureness and innocence are stripped away from it. I fully disagree with Lazarus. The Lion King, was a wonderful, original animation that, broke the Disney stereotyped classics, of a hero that saves a beautiful girl in distress. The Lion King, features a story of doing the right thing, learning to fight for what is right, to stand up for yourself and what you believe in. The Lion King, is an animation, to over analyze in such a fashion as Margaret Lazarus does, is ridiculous and a shame. Lazarus is seeking too much meaning out of this simple tale. The cartoons main purpose is to entertain, not to set all the th...

What has motivated the desire to pursue primary care practice Essay

What has motivated the desire to pursue primary care practice - Essay Example The researcher tells that his desire to be a practitioner in the medical or healthcare field began long ago. Having witnessed several people suffering to their death for lack of good healthcare during his days as a young person, the researcher developed the passion for learning how to save lives. Saving lives remains my main motivation in life and indeed in my pursuit of further education. While this is the case, the researcher is specifically motivated to pursue primary care practice by the fact that the prevention of diseases or health problems is far better and more desirable than their cure. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, primary care practice encompasses several activities including counseling, diagnosis and treatment of chronic and acute ailments, patient education, health maintenance, health promotion, and disease prevention. Being the first point of entry into the healthcare system for patients, it is imperative that the practice remains dedicated to ensuring that the patient as much as possible recovers without developing complications related to their initial ailments as noted by. While the researcher wishes to see too patients and the general public lead healthier lives, he is more biased toward getting them educated so that they possibly avoid getting sick and take necessary measures to avoid having their situations worsened as a result of negligence or lack of knowledge. Furthermore, the researcher is most supportive of the idea of preventing, diagnosing and treating illnesses early enough before the patient condition gets worse.

Research Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Research Project - Essay Example The new start up retail organization is seeking for required funds from several effective funding bodies in order to start the new business in the potential industry. There are two major funding options for the organization, such as lending capital from renowned commercial banks and borrowing funds from the angel investors. However, it is important for the organization to develop an effective business plan so that the funding bodies can believe that the particular business has huge potentiality. The new kitchen appliances retail organization can propose different financial institutions and commercial banks in order to borrow the start up business capital. It is true that the commercial banks and several financial institutions generally offer both secured and unsecured landings for business start up in order to meet the working capital requirement. The commercial banks usually offer unsecured loans to the start up business organizations depending upon the management’s judgement (Leach and Melicher, 2011, p.110). On the other hand, the banks generally offer the secured loans against the organizations’ deposited collaterals and securities. However, the unsecured loans usually do not demand any kind of collateral or security from the start up business organizations against the lending of loans as start up business capital. The commercial banks or different financial institutions usually provide unsecured loans to the business organizations in the form of corporate credits and overdrafts. Several angel investors are also can be considered as the important funding bodies for the start up kitchen appliances Retail Company. The angel investors are also considered as informal investors or business angels. These angel investors used to have vast experience about several business forms. These investors generally belong to the wealthy and rich businessman segments. The rich and affluent angel investors or the business angel generally provide the

Disclousuer requirments in securities regulation between Saudi Arabia Research Paper - 1

Disclousuer requirments in securities regulation between Saudi Arabia and united States (compareson) - Research Paper Example Disclosures imply that public should be informed of any investment decisions, while the undermining of this confidence leads to the collapse of the securities market harming national economy for a very long period of time. Saudi Arabia is considered to be one of the largest developing stock markets in the world. Nowadays it shows increasing demands for various investments in corporate securities. While in 2006, Saudi Arabia securities market was regarded as the market which suffered from the lack of transparency and disclosure credibility less than average due to the economic crisis happened in this state. Great part of the investors received no compensation for the caused damages and had no any practical possibility to protect their rights with respect to the securities rights. Thus, some scholars define the current legislation of Saudi Arabia on the securities law and its disclosure as existing in place, but not functional in practice. Despite this fact, some states share the views that Saudi Arabia is one of the countries that has relatively strong disclosure requirements. This country is able to ensure investor’s protection during exercising of business transactions. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to describe the disclosure requirements applicable to the securities in Saudi Arabia and it comparison with the strong securities market conditions prevailing within the USA market. In Saudi Arabia, some principles applicable to the issuers of securities exist. Hence, issuers that offer securities through public offer are always subject to disclosure requirements involving shareholder voting decisions and equal treatment to each other. In any case, the body governing the issue of securities requires submission of the reports on the disclosure of significant amount of shareholders of the companies. At the same time, Saudi Arabia implements main

Using Microorganisms To Produce Commercial Substances Young People Essay

Using Microorganisms To Produce Commercial Substances Young People Essay Bacteria are a large group of single-celled microscopic prokaryote organisms that inhabit virtually all environments including the air, soil, water, organic matter, radioactive waste, the earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s crust, and the bodies of multicellular organisms. Bacteria vary in their cell structure and mode of metabolism. They are categorized as autotrophs, heterotrophs, lithotrophs, organotrophs, chemotrophs or phototrophs, and exist in various cell shapes such as coccus, bacillus, spirochete, and vibrio forms. They can be divided into two main groups, gram-positive or gram-negative, based on the structure of their cell wall and their reaction to the gram stain. Ecologically, these microorganisms are capable of free-living, mutualistic, parasitic or pathogenic existence. Bacteria are so numerous and diverse, that new species of bacteria are continually being discovered in the environment, and within the human body, as well as that of other organisms. All the species of bacteria known represent only a tiny fraction of the diverse bacterial species present in nature. Although some bacteria cause food poisoning and infectious diseases in multicellular plants and animals, the vast majority is harmless and many are beneficial to natural processes and also to the proper functioning of higher organisms. Bacteria are used in various industrial processes, especially the food industry. Numerous manufactured food products are modified biochemically by bacterial growth in the process of fermentation. Fermented foods produced commercially by bacteria include dairy products such as cheese and yoghurt, vegetable products such as sauerkraut and pickles, various forms of cured meats and sausages, vinegar and soy products. Bacteria are also used in the manufacturing of alcoholic beverages like wine made from grapes and other fruits, beer and liquor made from grains, and tequila made from cacti. The benefits of bacterial fermentation of food products include enhanced preservation, increased digestibility, higher nutrient content and improved flavor. The ability of bacteria to degrade a variety of organic compounds is remarkable and has been used in waste processing and bioremediation. Bacteria are capable of digesting the hydrocarbons present in petroleum and are thus used in cleaning up oil spills. They can also be altered to produce certain enzymes that metabolize industrial waste components that are toxic to other life forms. Bacteria can also be used in the place of pesticides in specific biological pest control. As a result of this specificity, bacterial pesticides are regarded as environmentally friendly, since they have little or no effect on humans, wildlife, pollinators, and most other beneficial insects. The ability of bacteria to breakdown organic compounds to methane gas is widely employed in treatment of sewage. In the chemical industry, the manufacture of ethanol, acetone, organic acid, enzymes, and perfumes rely on the use of bacteria. More importantly, bacteria are used in the production of pure chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals or agrochemicals. The discovery of antibiotic drugs made from bacteria, such as cephalosporin, streptomyces, erythromycin and bacitracin have greatly improved the quality of human life in the twentieth century. Steroids and vaccines used in disease prevention are also produced with the use of bacteria. Because of their ability to grow rapidly and the relative ease with which they can be manipulated, bacteria are the pillars for the fields of molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry. Creating mutations in bacterial DNA and examining the resulting phenotypes, can enable scientists to determine the function of genes, enzymes and metabolic pathways in bacteria, and then apply this knowledge to more complex organisms. This understanding of bacterial metabolism and genetics allows for the use of biotechnology to genetically engineer bacteria for the production of therapeutic proteins such as insulin, interferons, growth factors, or antibodies useful to humans. Another main role of bacteria is the recycling of nutrients in the environment such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and other chemical elements used by living things. Saprophytic species cause decay and decomposition of the nitrogenous remains of dead bodies of plants and animals, converting it to ammonia, while chemosynthetic autotrophs like nitrosomonas and nitrobacter, covert the ammonium compounds in the soil into nitrate salts which can be taken up and used by plants. Bacterial populations especially that of genus Clostridium can be used to separate fibers of jute, hemp, and flax, in a process known as fiber retting. These separated fibers are used to make ropes and sacks. Leather, a widely used product is manufactured by the decomposing action of bacteria on the fats present on the skin of animals. The human body is home to a wide range of bacterial species, where they constitute normal flora. The beneficial effects of these bacteria which colonize humans are abundant and include: out-competition of harmful microorganisms, synthesis of vitamin B12, B complex and K, immune system enhancement, regulation of digestive health, absorption of minerals like magnesium, formation of new calls and the regeneration of the gastrointestinal tract. Bacteria that reside in the gut of herbivores secrete cellulase, which is useful in the digestion of the cellulose contents of plant cell walls, the main source of nutrients for these animals. Aquatic organisms also benefit from bacteria that cut down growth of algae and reduce noxious odors, making aquatic environments more conducive to living. It is an undisputed fact that bacteria can and will survive and thrive in the absence of multicellular organisms. Conversely, without the presence of beneficial bacteria, multicellular organisms will be unable to function properly, numerous industrial processes necessary for survival will shut down, and even natural processes like nutrient recycling will cease to occur. The importance of bacteria cannot be over emphasized, and the earth as we know it will definitely take a downward route to degeneration, if bacteria were to cease to exist.

The Controversy Surrounding Multiple Personality Disorder Essay

The Controversy Surrounding Multiple Personality Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder is a condition that many people probably have not heard of. Among those who have heard of it, there are even less who actually know what it is. However, according to Piper (1997) there were about 6,000 cases diagnosed in North America alone in 1986. Some experts estimate that multiple personality disorder, or MPD, affects 5 to 10 percent of the population, or about 100 million people worldwide. For such a widespread disorder, the public's lack of knowledge about it is pretty shocking. One explanation for this lack of knowledge could be the fact that many people, fueled by the beliefs of many noted psychologists, do not believe the disorder even exists. Why do they believe this? To answer this question, one must first understand a little more about MPD itself. Although there is no clear, universally accepted definition of multiple personality disorder, one interpretation that most seem to agree on was stated by Piper: "Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is characterized by the presence of 'alter personalities' that periodically and unpredictably take control of the patient's body" (pg. xii). All who have been diagnosed with MPD have shown evidence of one or more alter personalities aside from the host personality. The 'host' is usually described as the personality that is in control the largest amount of time, or the personality that presents itself for treatment. This may sound confusing, but it is nothing compared to the many other aspects of MPD, such as what a personality is, what causes the onset of MPD, whether or not someone really has MPD, and what treatment methods are effective-all of which will be discussed. In ... ...tml False Memory Syndrome Foundation Compilation: Dr. Bennett Braun. (1995, September 1). Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.fmsfonline.org/braun.html Hendrickson, G (2001, July 3). psychotherapy. Retrieved March 26, 2004 from http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/3092.html McHugh, P. Multiple Personality Disorder (Dissociative Identity Disorder). Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.psycom.net/mchugh.html Piper, A. (1997). Hoax and Reality: The Bizarre World of Multiple Personality Disorder. Northvale, NJ: J. Aronson Reyes, A. (2001, July 2). multiple personality disorder. Retrieved March 10, 2004 from http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/2909.html Richmond, R. Multiple Personality Disorder/Dissociative Identity Disorder. (2003). Retrieved March 12, 2004 from http://www.guidetopsychology.com/mpd.htm

Air Masses and Fronts

Air Masses and Fronts Air masses is every where around us, it creates pressure around our body and keeps us from floating. Air mass is the pressure in the gravity that also has to the temperature in the atmosphere to create different pressure that effects you in different ways. For example, if hot air were to fill a plastic bag it would rise, but if it where cool air that filled the bag it would be less likely to rise than the other. Fronts, on another hand, are produced when a large amount of cool winds go east and a front of hot air would go west and hit they will create an enormous storm that is most likely to bring heavy showers and thunderstorms. Fronts also have to do with the pressure that is in the atmosphere. Advection is when a large amount of warm moist air current of that goes over a cold body of water of land. Air masses are the differences of the hot air and cold air that come in through different parts of the world and make what are storms that cause many damages. There are a couple of types of air masses that create most of the bodies of winds that collide into each other and sometimes make surging tornadoes. The collision of these air masses usually create many of the worst storms that usually occur in the mid-east. There are also the massive rain storms that have lightning and there are also the tornados that make the wind gust. Fronts are when massive air currents collide, but it usually occurs when it is a cold and hot current that meet. They hit and make a storm that creates a rain that make thunder storms and other natural storms. These front travel cross country to be crashed into another one half way across the nation. They would be produces in one place on the west of the united states and travel eastward to confront another front. Advection is fog or mist of condensed clouds of water vapor in the form ice droplets or ice crystals, suspended above in the atmosphere just over the surface of the earth. In heavy populated city the Advection fog gets mixed with the car emissions and gasses from factories to make it a brownish color. There are four types Advection, Radiation, Upslope, and Precipitation fog. In this essay I learned the different types of Advection fogs there were and how it got mixed with the gas emissions. I also learned that a front are the ones that create huge storms in the center of the United States. Finally I learned the differences in the air masses and there temperature.

Differences between current theories of investing assessment Essays

Differences between current theories of investing assessment Essays Differences between current theories of investing assessment Essay Differences between current theories of investing assessment Essay Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) , Accounting Rate of Return ( ARR ) and the Payback Period Methods. In recent old ages at that place has been a turning spread from the theoretical protagonism of some of these methods and their existent usage by houses. This paper will look to measure such claims and see the factors that are doing this displacement. The Net Present Value ( NPV ) is one of many methods used to measure investing undertakings utilizing discounted hard currency flows. Under the NPV method, investing undertakings are viewed as holding a watercourse of forecasted hard currency influxs and escapes over the life of the project’s economic life. It assumes that other than these hard currency flows, there are no other effects impacting the undertaking, and hence merely discounted hard currency flows are taken into history. [ 1 ] NPV focuses on undertakings that maximize the net present value of all hard currency flows generated for the company, more officially it isthe net pecuniary addition ( or loss ) from a undertaking, computed by dismissing all present and future hard currency influxs and escapes related to the project. [ 2 ] Using NPV all future hard currency flows from the undertaking are discounted at a rateI, back to clip 0 which is the start of the undertaking. A undertaking is considered profitable if its NPV is greater than zero and comparative to another undertaking the 1 with the higher NPV is preferred over the alternate undertaking. [ 3 ] NPV is academically preferred over other investing assessment methods for several grounds. NPV is simple to cipher and to get at an unambiguous concluding determination. NPV besides takes into history the clip value of money by dismissing hard currency flows thereby taking into history the clip value of money. Additionally, its usage of hard currency flows alternatively of accounting net incomes means that it is able to account for the sum and timing of hard currency flows from the undertaking every bit good as accounting for all of the hard currency flows over the life of the undertaking. [ 4 ] The NPV besides incorporates hazard into the determination devising procedure through the accommodation of the investment’s price reduction rate. [ 5 ] Pike and Neale maintain that the NPV increases a firm’s market value and therefore the shareholders’ interest because directors merely accept undertakings which offer positive net nowadays values when discounted at tantamo unt market rates of involvement. [ 6 ] Some of the challenges faced by investors when utilizing NPV is gauging the value of hard currency influxs and escapes over the life of the undertaking. Second, NPV method is merely recognized when its value is positive in a perfect capital market environment in which there are no limitations on the handiness of finance. However, in world markets are restricted or rationed thereby restricting the pertinence of its determination regulation. The NPV besides assumes that company’s cost of capital is known and is changeless over the life of the undertaking. However, in world it is hard to gauge and choose an appropriate price reduction rate. Furthermore, it is improbable to stay changeless over the life of the undertaking due to the of all time changing nature of the economic environment. [ 7 ] The Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) isthe rate that equates the cost and benefit of the undertaking in footings of present value. [ 8 ] It is the rate at which the NPV peers zero and hence is the maximal cost of financing the undertaking or investing. Given that the rate refers merely to the project’s internal factors, no external factors are considered in this assessment method. This can be seen as an advantage in that it does non necessitate the computation of a complex price reduction rate [ 9 ] , on the other manus it besides means that it does non account for altering market environments. Undertakings are accepted utilizing this method when the IRR is greater than the return required by the investor. On the other manus, if the IRR is less than the riskless rate of return, the undertaking is rejected. [ 10 ] Some of the drawbacks to this method include its premise that grosss are reinvested and the equivocal root consequences when mark reversal occurs more than one time in the project’s hard currency flows. It besides assumes that the rate of loaning and adoption are the same and it assumes an equal cost of capital throughout the project’s life, which is unrealistic. [ 11 ] Luenberger maintains that both the NPV and IRR methods have appropriate topographic points in investing assessment but in different conditions. [ 12 ] One of the cardinal strengths of the NPV is its comparing of theinvestment with the rate of return of normal funding channels, and therefore creates a healthier state of affairs of comparing in contemplating the feasibleness of the investment. [ 13 ] Conversely, the IRR can be applied when the investing needs to be repeatedly reinvested in the same undertaking. Whilst it possibly disputing to get at the price reduction rate for the NPV, consideration for the clip value of money is of import in the assessment procedure. Furthermore, the cost of capital is an of import manner of placing the efficiency with which an investor’s capital is invested. [ 14 ] Additionally, the NPV does non get at any equivocal roots, unlike the IRR. [ 15 ] However, harmonizing to Kuronen, neither the NPV nor the IRR methods are able to capture the stock holder value created by the investing. [ 16 ] The payback investing assessment method is normally the 1 used foremost to filtrate out possible undertakings. It asks investors the inquiryhow long will it take for the undertaking to pay back its cost? . [ 17 ] In some instances, companies will hold a mark payback day of the month which will ensue in their rejecting undertakings which do non run into it. The payback method thereby provides a speedy manner in which to measure the hazard of the undertaking. It will ever supply clear consequences and its advocators believe that it identifies less hazardous undertakings or the undertakings which will be invested for the least sum of clip. [ 18 ] Harmonizing to CIMA, undertakings should non be accepted entirely on the footing of the payback method and investors should utilize a more sophisticated assessment technique. The popularity of the payback method has been worsening since the 1970s due to increased consciousness of its restrictions. One such restriction harmonizing to Kuronen is the fact that it does non take into history the possible net income degrees that may be achieved by the investing. Second it wholly ignores the timing of the rate of returns. Companies that do utilize it, do so in combination with other methods. [ 19 ] Remer and Nieto find that usage of the payback method has wholly diminished [ 20 ] , which contrast with the findings of Jahnke and Simons who find grounds to propose that payback is in fact used rather on a regular basis. They find that the bulk of houses use it in combination with other methods whereas little houses rely on it as a individual standard. [ 21 ] Another assessment method used by investors is the Accounting Rate of Return ( ARR ) which compares the mean one-year net income degrees of a undertaking wit its initial investing, expressed as a per centum. ARR accepts undertakings which have an ARR higher than a preset rate of return. This method uses accounting flows instead than hard currency flows, unlike the NPV which means that it looks at the impact of future reported net incomes from a undertaking. The cardinal disadvantages of ARR is that it does non take into history the timing of hard currency flows and the cost of funding and it does non look to maximize stockholder wealth but instead accounting net incomes, unlike NPV. Additionally, ARR has a inclination to pick up irrelevant informations because it is based on accounting net incomes which means it will apportion a portion of operating expenses to countries that the undertaking may non be undertaken. McLaney therefore maintains that this method is improbable to be used extensively by investors because it is likely to take to hapless determinations. [ 22 ] Conversely, Irons believes that it is a widely used assessment method because in add-on to the aforesaid advantages, informations is readily available to cipher it. [ 23 ] One survey by Sangster finds that companies today use the traditional methods of discounting hard currency flow techniques more than they use accounting rate of return. [ 24 ] While there is grounds to corroborate that the NPV and IRR are still being used by investors as major investing assessment techniques [ 25 ] , other surveies are happening an increasing deficiency of their existent usage by companies. A survey by Akalu finds only15 per centum of respondents rated standard assessment methods as being very good’ in footings of preciseness and 19 per centum of respondents rated them very good’ at supplying the promised value. Akalu argues that these consequences do non compare at all with the text edition statement for NPV or IRR appraisal methods which would hold rated them as high’ . The findings hence indicate agap between the theoretical and pattern of capital budgeting[ 26 ] and that these methods areunable to supply the promised undertaking value to shar eholders .[ 27 ] A turning tendency towards the usage of a combination of appraisal methods was found, irrespective of the project’s life span and required capital outgo. The survey besides revealed that as the life span and capital disbursement increased, more quantitative and advanced assessment methods were used. [ 28 ] These findings are supported by a survey carried out by Pike which show that the usage of a individual assessment method has been worsening from 31 per centum in 1975 to 4 per centum in 1992. In contrast, the usage of a combination of three assessment methods has increased from 22 per centum to 32 per centum and rose by even greater, 11 per centum to 32 per centum for the four theoretical account combination. [ 29 ] Harmonizing to Akalu, the motives behind the increased usage of a combination of appraisal methods, appears to be due to the inability of a individual theoretical account to accurately mensurate the value of a undertaking. Firms have hence resorted to utilizing a combination of appraisal methods in order to cut down likeliness of a disagreement between the existent and estimated gross and the cost of a undertaking. Surprisingly, the NPV was found to make the largest disagreement of all of the methods investigated, runing up to 20 per centum for undertakings with a lifetim e of over10 old ages and investing of more than ˆ80 million. [ 30 ] Furthermore, some industries, viz. support services and distribution and conveyance, were found to hold a greater inclination towards disagreements. Akalu farther maintains that a higher disagreement could take to low stockholder value in a company. [ 31 ] As a consequence, there is a turning displacement off from the usage of standard assessment methods towards newer theoretical accounts, peculiarly value direction theoretical accounts, or towards the application of techniques which may compromise the assessment procedure. [ 32 ] In fact the 2001 survey by Akalu and Turner confirms the increasing function that the DCF theoretical account is playing in stockholder value direction. In fact, a combination of both standard and value direction theoretical accounts are progressively being used. [ 33 ] These surveies contrast with a surprising determination by Hatzopoulos and Arnold who find that in the UK, the spread between the theoretical and practical usage of undertaking assessment methods are in fact narrowing. [ 34 ] Akalu and Turner farther find indicants of a displacement off from traditional and inactive theoretical accounts towards the more flexible value direction theoretical accounts such as stockholder value analysis, Economic Value Analysis ( EVA ) and Net Contribution to Value ( NCV ) , to back up traditional investing assessment techniques. [ 35 ] Additionally, a survey by Barfield finds that the usage of the stockholder value analysis ( SVA ) has allowed fiscal establishments to execute better than others. [ 36 ] This was taken to an even wider graduated table by Copeland et Al. who have found that states which apply SVA methodsare more value originative than others. [ 37 ] This paper has given an history of the assorted investing assessment methods used by companies to measure undertaking and has given an account of their assorted strengths and failings. This paper besides sought to give an history of the altering tendencies in the usage of these appraisal methods every bit good as an account for these displacements. The findings of this paper suggest that there is no 1 individual method that has been wholly been eliminated or advocated in footings of its practical usage today because of the different environments, industries every bit good as changing company and undertaking sizes. For the most portion, for every survey that was found to recommend a peculiar method and its growth usage today there was another that discredited it, doing it hard to truly arrive at a concluding decision of the existent current tendencies. However, it can be concluded that there is a turning tendency towards the combined usage of all of these methods at changing times of the undertaking life spans, to cut down likeliness of a disagreement between the existent and estimated gross and the cost of a undertaking. Finally, there besides appears to be a displacement by companies towards the usage of the more flexible value direction theoretical accounts which are ensuing in comparatively greater fiscal public presentation. Bibliography Akalu M. , ( 2002 )Measuring the Capacity of Standard Investment Appraisal Methods: Evidence from the patternTinbergen Institute Akalu, M. A ; Turner, R. ( 2001 )Investing Appraisal Process: A Case of Chemical Companies, Erasmus Research Institute of Management Akalu A ; Turner ( 2002 )Investing Appraisal Process in the Banking A ; Finance Industry: A Case Study,Erasmus Research Institute of Management Arnold, G. and Hatzopoulos, P. ( 2003 )The Theory-Practice Gap in Capital Budgeting: Evidence from the United Kingdom,Journal of Business Finance A ; Accounting Vol. 27, Issue 5, Amp. 6, P. 603-626 Gotze, U. , Northcott, D. A ; Schuster, P. ( 2007 )Investing Appraisal: Methods and Models, Springer Institute of Chartered Accounting England and Wales,Investing Appraisal Techniques,Kaplan Financials Ironss, A. ( 2004 )Capital Investing Appraisal, ACCA Global hypertext transfer protocol: //www.accaglobal.com Kuronen T. , ( 2007 )Capital Budgeting in a Capital Intensive Industry,Helsinki University of Technology McLaney, E. ( 2006 )Business Finance: Theory and Practice, 7ThursdayEdition, Pearson Education Pike, R. and Neale, B. ( 2006 )Corporate Finance and Investing: Decisions A ; Schemes,Pearson Education Sangster, A. ( 2006 )Capital Investment Appraisal Techniques: A Survey of Current Use, Journal of Business Finance A ; Accounting Vol. 20, Issue 3, P. 307-332 Jahnke, H. and Simons, D. ( 2008 )A Rationale for the Payback Criterion: An Application of Almost Stochastic Dominance to Capital Budgeting,Social Science Research Network Watson, D. A ; Head, A. ( 2007 )Corporate Finance: Principles and Practice, Pearson Education 1

Free Essays on Unix

UNIX has served many different government and scientific entities in the past and continues to be enhanced by software designers in order to better serve customers by being responsive to today’s marketplace. It is obvious that with public demand for internet services, combined with the fact that the internet is UNIX-based, there is no immediate threat to the UNIX operating system. The unique advantage of the UNIX operating system when it was introduced was that it could (and still does) run on dissimilar machines, unheard of prior to 1969. UNIX also can run more than one program at a time, store complex graphics and databases, and link to other UNIX and mainframe computer systems, including DOS since the late 1980s. UNIX-based systems control various programs written by many companies to distribute information between multiple computers within the network. UNIX at first worked over ARPnet the ARPA network grew throughout the 1970s when computer networks from various organiz ations, both nationally and internationally, began to link to ARPAnet, mostly for transferring engineering and scientific research data. The ARPAnet eventually migrated into what we know as the World Wide Web. The Web allows users to easily browse through hypertext and multimedia located on various computers and mainframe systems around the world. Prior to the CERN project, Internet users had to know UNIX programming language and move around in a cumbersome UNIX shell environment. The Web can best be described as a â€Å"global interactive, dynamic, cross-platform, distributed, graphical hypertext information system that operates over the Internet. It operates on many protocols, including FTP, Gopher, UseNet, WAIS databases, and TELNET. Most of the text transferred over the Internet is written in hypertext markup language (HTML). Graphics are transferred via standard generalized markup language (SGML) through the UNIX operating system. No one owns the web, but a... Free Essays on UNIX Free Essays on UNIX UNIX has served many different government and scientific entities in the past and continues to be enhanced by software designers in order to better serve customers by being responsive to today’s marketplace. It is obvious that with public demand for internet services, combined with the fact that the internet is UNIX-based, there is no immediate threat to the UNIX operating system. The unique advantage of the UNIX operating system when it was introduced was that it could (and still does) run on dissimilar machines, unheard of prior to 1969. UNIX also can run more than one program at a time, store complex graphics and databases, and link to other UNIX and mainframe computer systems, including DOS since the late 1980s. UNIX-based systems control various programs written by many companies to distribute information between multiple computers within the network. UNIX at first worked over ARPnet the ARPA network grew throughout the 1970s when computer networks from various organiz ations, both nationally and internationally, began to link to ARPAnet, mostly for transferring engineering and scientific research data. The ARPAnet eventually migrated into what we know as the World Wide Web. The Web allows users to easily browse through hypertext and multimedia located on various computers and mainframe systems around the world. Prior to the CERN project, Internet users had to know UNIX programming language and move around in a cumbersome UNIX shell environment. The Web can best be described as a â€Å"global interactive, dynamic, cross-platform, distributed, graphical hypertext information system that operates over the Internet. It operates on many protocols, including FTP, Gopher, UseNet, WAIS databases, and TELNET. Most of the text transferred over the Internet is written in hypertext markup language (HTML). Graphics are transferred via standard generalized markup language (SGML) through the UNIX operating system. No one owns the web, but a... Free Essays on Unix Following is all the information that you need to understand the workings of the UNIX operating system (Berkley 4.2). Patched together by The War On the security side of UNIX: - On the Security of UNIX Dennis M. Ritchie Recently there has been much interest in the security aspects of operating systems and software. At issue is the ability to prevent undesired disclosure of information, destruction of information, and harm to the functioning of the system. This paper discusses the degree of security which can be provided under the system and offers a number of hints on how to improve security. The first fact to face is that was not developed with security, in any realistic sense, in mind; this fact alone guarantees a vast number of holes. (Actually the same statement can be made with respect to most systems.) The area of security in which is theoretically weakest is in protecting against crashing or at least crippling the operation of the system. The problem here is not mainly in uncritical acceptance of bad parameters to system calls there may be bugs in this area, but none are known- but rather in lack of checks for excessive consumption of resources. Most notably, there is no limit on the amount of disk storage used, either in total space allocated or in the number of files or directories. Here is a particularly ghastly shell sequence guaranteed to stop the system: while :; do mkdir x cd x done Ether a panic will occur because all the i-nodes on the device are used up, or all the disk blocks will be consumed, thus preventing anyone from writing files on the device. In this version of the system, users are prevented from creating more than a set number of processes simultaneously, so unless users are in collusion it is unlikely that any one can stop the system altogether. However, creation of 20 or so CPU or disk-bound jobs l...

The Declaration of Independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Declaration of Independence - Essay Example The essay shall examine the similarities and differences between works written by three authors on the Declaration of Independence; these are the latter mentioned authors and Frederick Douglas. These comparisons will be done in relation to political issues, religious issues, equality and other issues. (Barthelmas, 2003) Jefferson highlights his views about equality by asserting that all men are created equal in the first paragraph of the declaration. Additionally, he believes that they have three major rights that come with this equality Some people have claimed that Jefferson simply paraphrased what another author in the eighteenth century had written; John Locke. Locke in his 'Second Treatise of government' asserts that there are some fundamental rights that all human beings should be granted and these include; Property, liberty and life. As it can be seen from the bulleted list above, these are the exact words used by Jefferson except for the world property. It has been reported that Jefferson had used the word property in his first draft but other members of the Committee he was working with urged him to change it to 'pursuit of happiness'. In light of all these striking similarities between Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and other previous writings, Jefferson's supporters have defended him and his writings by claiming that the declaration was not a creation of new philosophies. He was simply trying to air out what people believed already and was not trying to come up with a new ideology. Equality is a concept that stands through out Jefferson's Declaration of Independence. He talks about how the British government has demonstrated their lack of respect for the American people. Jefferson achieves this by citing 20 instances when this occurred. For example, he says that the British government prevented them from trading with other countries of the world. Additionally, he has problems with the imposition of taxes and the imposition of military forces amongst them. By speaking against these injustices, Jefferson was trying to show how the British did not consider the rest of their colonial states equal to them. (Armitage, 2004) Locke echoes similar sentiments. He believed that all human beings had the right to preserve their own lives. He also asserted murderers did not act in unison to the law of reason because they were contravening the right to life. Furthermore, Locke adds that all people are supposed to have the right to make their own decisions in an effort to exercise liberty. However, he believes that liberty should be exercised in such a manner that it does not impede other people's liberty. While Jefferson and Locke believed that no man was superior to another and that all people should be granted their due rights, these sentiments were mostly theoretical. This is fact brought out by Frederick Douglas. Douglas believed that most of the sentiments expressed in Jefferson's declaration of independence simply referred to a portion of the population while the slaves were ignored completely. Douglas explains that the black person in America did not share some of the liberties and freedoms proclaimed in the Declaration of inde

Research on Meth Addiction Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Meth Addiction - Research Paper Example There were efforts to control them through regulation through the Food and Drug Administration as well as by law enforcement. However, these illicit drugs are still a part of our society, often having comorbidity with other aspects of crime, which disrupts our society. Methamphetamine is an extremely powerful narcotic. It has multiple ways of being ingested into the body. Sometimes, it is injected through the use of hypodermic needles, while other times it is snorted or smoked. Typically, snorting will have the quickest effect on the body due to the fact that methamphetamine is lipid soluble, which means it can interact past the blood brain barrier faster than any other route of administration. It was and still is the cause of many problems in relation to drug abuse in our society. It enslaves the user through powerful chemical drug dependence. This works because it changes the brain on a fundamental level. Freud was one of the first psychologists to say that humans operate on a plea sure principle. This rewarding pathway in the brain is known as the dopaminergenic reward pathway. Dopamine is one of the primary rewarding neurotransmitters in the brain and is responsible for regulating many actions such as hunger, sex, etc. Methamphetamine affects this system by causing a large increase in the amount of dopamine. This is why drug users feel such a high euphoric effect. The withdrawal effects of methamphetamine are also extremely unpleasant. Therefore, drug users self-administer more of the drug in order to not â€Å"crash†. As a result, they become chemically addicted. This occurs due to the fact that the brain rewires itself and does not secrete dopamine in the normal amounts of a person who does not use methamphetamine. Methamphetamine users comment that while they are not using the drug that there is a lack of feeling and everything seems grey. This is a primary motivator in encouraging the user to continue using the drug as a result of physiological re sponse. This physiological response is what drives the psychological and behavioral response. It works in both ways of classical and operant conditioning. Drug users learn that with the drug they will experience a state of euphoria. As a result, they develop not only the physiological dependence to the drug, but they also develop a psychological addiction. This in turn fuels other aspects of crime. Methamphetamine is common in all social classes, however it affects the lower classes the most. Often, many of these lower class citizens do not have a surplus income in order to fuel their drug addiction. Thus, they turn to other criminal activities in order to supply the income required to fuel their habit. This exposure to the drug often also causes problems among families. Methamphetamine can tear families apart and often leaves children with parents behind bars. Prostitution is also common for drug users in that they can take methamphetamine as collateral for sexual favors. The side effects of the use of methamphetamine are wide and varied. The fact that methamphetamine is a stimulant means that it promote a wide variety of anxiety and â€Å"twitchy† behavior. It also can lead to attentiveness problems as well as deficits in cognitive function and memory. As discussed previously, the dopaminergic reward system is highly stimulated when methamphetamine is in the system and that long-term use can lead to dopamine deficit. This puts high, chronic methamphetamine use

Corporate Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate Strategy - Research Paper Example It is possible to assume that both companies have large cash reserves spent on research and development. These reserves also enable them to take risks in spending large sums for advertising and promotion. Both companies have good reputation among customers and created cost advantage from propriety know-how. S&W and Makatume take full advantage of the quality image their products have earned over time because of automated modern factories and use of modern management methods. Aggressive advertising is used by S&W as the main marketing tool that allows the company to reach wider target audience and expend internationally. Also, cooperation and assistance of such retailers as Big Boxes, allows S&W to stock many of its products. The strength of Makatume is fast growing cordless segment and innovative production facilities in Japan. Makatume has substantial advantages over S&W, especially in its ability to achieve higher levels of quality and productivity and in the availability of low-cost labor and financing. Makatume takes full advantage of these benefits in effectively competing with American firms in U.S. markets. The main weakness of S&W is market confusion between its professional and consumer power tools. In contrast to Makatume, S&W does not have a strong position in cordless market segment. Another weakness of S&W is negative attitude of its distributors caused by abuse of their market position. S&W cannot react effectively to changing market conditions because of its size and outdated product lines. S&W has a high cost structure (old technologies and high labor cost) which prevents it from rapid growth and change. The weaknesses of Makatume include lower voltage product market and importance to invest in R&D and introduce new products, higher voltage segment. It is necessary to develop specific strategies to incorporate quality into product, promotion, pricing, and distribution areas (Johnson, Scholes 2003). Opportunities Favorable economic conditions and arrival of new technologies propose both companies opportunities to grow and increase their market share. Favorable exchange rate and stable economic situation in the region provide new opportunities for the product/market expansion grid and a framework for the marketers to consider the balance of product offerings. Threats Increased competition is the main threat for both companies. The growing imports from Chine and low price products proposed by domestic and foreign competitors become a real threat for such giants as W&S and Makatume. The threat of new entrants is the main problem: new companies can reduce industry profits and specific market share for the existing products. In the case of PEPT market, the number of companies and their location are the first indicators of the intensity of competition. This competition is further heightened by the presence of substitute products. Solutions and Recommendation In order to minimize weakness and threats, S&W has to update its product lines and introduce new brand for consumer products. It will help to avoid confusion and create a unique image of its products. Restructuring and organizational change is another step to improve market and operations performance. Only in this case, S&W will be able to deal simultaneously with various day-to-day crises. New technologies and methods of manufacturing will help S&W respond to market